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[Music]

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you

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well it came from a coal mining family

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poor family and my mother nor dad went

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to college but they really thought

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education was the only way they were we

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were a big family nine children every

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one of us either took some kind of post

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high school our college either business

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courses I happen to have loved

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mathematics when I was in grammar school

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so my dad just thought I should pursue

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that but nothing that could not pursue

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it in except teaching I had won a

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scholarship through the coal mining

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company that he worked for so he thought

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I should go to the teacher's college and

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become a teacher and it was more work to

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me it wasn't as social they had no

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sororities or anything so I went to

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Florence State right at the age of 15

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out of high school and going to teach

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but never talked I did not want to go

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away from home to teach but Florida

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offered so much more money than Alabama

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in Huntsville had offered me a job at

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nineteen hundred dollars a year to teach

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math at a high school in Huntsville and

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Florida in Pop Beach they offered me 30

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100 year but that's a long way from home

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in Palm Beach it's not teachers don't

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make don't don't live too well I

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wouldn't think in Palm Beach but I did

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not I wanted to take it for the money

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but I did not want to either so my

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roommate said flip a coin and let the

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coin decide whether you take the job in

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Florida well I didn't like those odds

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but I said okay I'll flip it and if it

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stands on its edge I will take the job

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in Florida so I flipped a quarter no

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exaggeration it rolled up against my

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desk leg and stood on its edge so I

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accepted the job in Florida and was

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planning to go even though I'd only get

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home once a year so I got a telegram

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from them saying they had received my

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credenza

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and they assumed there had been an error

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made because according to the

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credentials I was 18 years old

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and in Florida you cannot teach under

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the in high school under the age of 21

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so if that were true then they would

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have to cancel the offer and it was true

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so I didn't have to go to the teaching

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job and I came to Huntsville to Redstone

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Arsenal and met my husband

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Huntsville was a single woman's paradise

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with all the engineers during the early

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Huntsville was so small you you really

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could not get a place to live it was

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very for a long time everybody made

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money that had land as I said no day

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care so naturally no connectors I don't

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think anywhere in the US but no no help

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I saw where you could get someone to

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stay at your home and I kept one for 23

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years because I didn't want my children

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coming home to an empty house too little

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of everything in Huntsville at the time

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too little services too little

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I came to a redstone before NASA came

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right out of college 18 years old too

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young to teach school which is what my

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training had been but studied

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mathematics so I went to work for Roman

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Haase a company for six months and

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realized that the army was really

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begging for mathematicians and engineers

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so I came to work for Redstone Arsenal

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as a mathematician on the von braun's of

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army ballistic missile team this was in

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1952 when I went to work for redstone I

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worked through the Redstone and Jupiter

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phase until dasa came and I was with the

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army whenever Marshall was formed and

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the engineers naturally their problems

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had to be solved by solving the

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equations that mathematical differential

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equations the trajectories the guidance

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and control studies and those had to be

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programmed to be solved by the computer

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but I worked for the army I don't

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develop a computer programming for the

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different computers beginning with a

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card program computer which was very

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very well first wasn't we had it now at

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Marshall and then own until the UNIVAC

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which was the one we used during the

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launch of Apollo that at that time

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though we needed more people to provide

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computation support because we had

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committed to go to the moon and we

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didn't understand how we were going to

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get there but we knew it was going to

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take a lot of work so rather than hire

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people that were government employees

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and it's difficult to retire or to get

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rid of some of those they hired a

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contractor which was very good General

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Electric came as a contractor and it was

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the first one I think but NASA had at

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Marshall but it was to provide all

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computational support I did not want to

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go to the contractor because my husband

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questioned if you they lose the contract

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what will you do I will be here working

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for NASA and I love my job but I they

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they said we'll have a place for you in

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NASA so I stayed with NASA did not go

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with the contractor but then I became a

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but the monitoring and interfacing the

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contractors work with NASA engineers so

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I stayed active in knowing what was

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needed and what was would take to do the

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job and and had a lot more people but

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they were contractor and the computers

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were changing all the time

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I mean improving they started as I said

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from a card program computer to a

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multitasking digital univac 1108

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air-conditioned building we had to have

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air conditioning for the computers but

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our offices were not air-conditioned in

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I did not know any women that was

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working here as a mathematician when I

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came they were what they call computers

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which the mathematicians we we

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programmed with big sheets of columns of

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instructions as to what they would do in

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they really were called officially math

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aides but they were known as computers

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they would actually take and do whatever

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we said do in a particular column we

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coded these columns to solve the

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equations and they would compute that

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for us so that we could analyze and

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decide what the the solution to the

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problem I was the only mathematician at

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the time that I came to work for the

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rich stone arsenal that I knew they gave

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me a lot of publicity very embarrassing

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but they wrote me up for magazines and

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had pictures taken off my house and my

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family and I well I'd only had a husband

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at that time but even my daughter when

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she was born which was tending about ten

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years later they gave her publicity

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because it was so strange there were no

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daycares so we had to provide help to

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take care of the children naturally and

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I had a daughter in a wonderful day mama

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and as my husband said she and I made

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about the same salary because I paid her

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dearly so but she was very reliable yes

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I worked for Doris Chandler she was so

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she had gone to Suffolk Nukem College it

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was later but not the and she was much

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much smarter than I so she came to work

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for Marshall she yes she even came to

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work for the army before NASA came but

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it was after I did and she came in not

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in the same section I was in but in the

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fire ballistics laboratory and she

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worked with me in developing the program

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the targeting program for the tactical

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Jupiter missile for the Air Force so she

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was one of the the brain nothing of this

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as you know is accomplished individually

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we all work together but she was one of

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the great contributors to I did a job

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that Norman

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a man would do but I did it not because

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I was a woman I did it because of the

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desire to work and to succeed as we as a

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team work everyone worked so it showed

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that equality was necessary and I think

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laws were passed because of this but

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that was another thing that came the

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equal rights law and your race did not

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determine your thinking ability your

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education might but your race and sex

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tits are so gender I guess you'd call it

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would not determine what job you could

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my role was to in these particular early

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launches of the Apollo missions was

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training - for the final one really I

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was responsible for all computer support

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for Marshall Space Flight Center whether

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it was programming machine time or

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interface with other centers I was

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responsible to see if that was done and

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there were no guidelines we had a

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computer that was capable of solving any

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engineers problems but when you throw

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all engineers problems into the computer

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it would move them in and out so that

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nothing would get done we'll say so we

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we had simulations that we actually

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before any mission I knew what programs

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were necessary but I did not know which

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ones would run and get completed so we

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would simulate just take over the

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computer and simulate a real launch and

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determine which wouldn't and we learned

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that way since we had no documents no

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guidelines only one person could do it

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and the director dr. Holzer had

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appointed me in fact I wish I had kept

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it but I did not dr. von Braun sent a

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handwritten note to the computation

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laboratory and said during the launch

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Billy Robertson will say what goes on

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the computer and I don't know why I did

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not say that Henry denote because it was

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quite a responsibility but it was

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showing how fast we had to move we did

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not know what we would need until

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because each mission was so different

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you needed different you had different

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problems and different solutions were

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needed so when President Kennedy said we

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would go to the moon I thought it's not

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possible we can't no no there's no way I

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really thought it was impossible and for

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for a long time I did not think we would

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ever you had to have computers and

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computers would not fit in this room you

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know and

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and what technology changes and everyone

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was working to make the impossible

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possible but the it was exciting except

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it was a dream I thought would never

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whenever we realized it was a Apollo 11

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and we were in the countdown

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we'll say every emotion I've ever

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experienced

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room because as I said we did not have

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we did not have written guidelines as to

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what we would do but but we knew what we

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were to do but the excitement the fear

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there was one thing I had never dreamed

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of until that might happen but we had

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taken care of it we thought and that was

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the loss of electricity which that meant

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the computers would glitch or something

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we had but we had never practiced that

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so I suddenly had that fear what what if

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we lose electricity which we did not but

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it was everyone was working it was very

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quiet nobody was laughing talking it was

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just work serious but would we got

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through Marshalls responsibility which

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there once we were knew we could go to

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the moon the conditions were right well

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then it was just sort of joy this is

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just a complete letdown of relaxation I

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guess you'd say so it was every emotion

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I have ever experienced I felt fear

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happiness excitement in and worried when

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that was over of course then all of the

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other was just learning and appreciating

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and saying well it happened you know by

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that time I realized or Marshall

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realized we had to have written

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documents so in case what if I had not

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been there not that anyone's

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indispensable I'm sure someone would

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have picked up that had worked with me

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but still it's so you need you need

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guidelines you need documents for people

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to go by and for launches so I wrote the

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document that they accepted its to what

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it was to be done for the Apollo mission

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and therefore they said well you aren't

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needed here we can follow this so you

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can go to

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it's the launch which was very very good

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so my husband and I and two children

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went to the Cape and VIP treatment they

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were very it was very exciting but and I

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wasn't in the computer room I wasn't

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even there and I don't know that they

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used my manual that I had written but

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but it was there in case they need he

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I worked with Clyde a lot as a

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mathematician and then he was promoted

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to a bigger more responsible job he did

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it for the computation laboratory and

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then also for the Equal Opportunity

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office I consider it a bonus that I got

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to even have known glad because he was

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very very helpful to a lot of people

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the Germans were very very cordial very

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smart very studious and it was

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contagious we all worked harder I guess

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when you around people that are working

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hard but I worked for dr. Hulk er

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Rudolph Hooker and he if I had any spare

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time which we didn't have much but he

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taught me how to let her

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after leaving arrow ballistics lab I

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went truly programming for the computers

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with the doctor helmet holster they were

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they they were wonderful wonderful - to

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me and to everyone dr. Holt sir the

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janitor was just as important to him as

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the top engineer on his staff they

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worked very hard they worked

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continuously they did not take coffee

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breaks because I worked my doctor Holker

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who was with me in Aero ballistics

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laboratory when I first came to NASA

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there was no air conditioning as I said

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in the building he bought a unit and put

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in his office window for his room and

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moved me into the room with him so I

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shared an office with the director so I

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would have air conditioning I know he

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worked all the time and as I said what I

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had free time he gave me a training and

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something I had never had in school he

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was I found the same thing with dr.

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Holzer they were very very

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non-discriminatory or maybe maybe they

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were a little bit more helpful to the

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women than me and I don't know but to me

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they showed no discrimination at all my

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husband was in World War two and a lot

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of them they had been trained you know

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the Germans were the enemies so it took

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some serious thinking to not to get over

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but it had to be the the launch of going

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to the moon

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it might have been just as exciting when

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we went around the moon

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the very first figure 8 trip I guess

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you'd call it and I remember my husband

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had to work on Christmas Eve night I

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remember and but we were all excited the

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children and I was home I did not work I

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only had to work during launches during

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the actual launch because once it was on

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his way to the out of orbit Marshall had

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we learned so much in science space

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technology they were so many things

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building materials became much ladder

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computers much smaller

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semiconductors all of this was from the

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space program or from the research that

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we had to do to learn to go to the

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moon's personally it was proved to me

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that there is a god out there it's so

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big we're so tiny on this little blue

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marble without a god we could not

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survive and yet all mankind depends on

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the earth so to me it was proof in a god

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or a super natural to to provide this

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the entire NASA employment I will tell

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your job was very exciting

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I really never met a person that did not

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enjoy working for NASA and I don't mean

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happy happy I mean it was exciting

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pleasure you feel like you accomplished

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something

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even though we were learning everyday

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new stuff and it was a new challenge it

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seemed like every day but very very

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exciting

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we truly everyone and I say we because

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everyone I knew loved working for NASA

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it was a job that the country thought

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was impossible but we were gonna do our

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best and and truly have found out if we